Congrats to Dr. Chouinard, Dr. Vakkalanka, and Dr. Radke on their recent publication on opioid use in the ED.  Nice work!!!   Substance use history is associated with lower opioid use for emergency department pain management. Chouinard S, Vakkalanka JP, Williams M, Radke J.Am J Emerg Med. 2021 Dec;50:187-190. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.08.005. Epub 2021 Aug 5.  PMID: 34388686