return to: Laryngeal leukoplakia white plaques on vocal cords or Overview of squamous dysplasia
see also: Severe squamous dysplasia or Carcinoma in situ causing laryngeal leukoplakia
Note: last updated before 2017
Moderate squamous dysplasia is characterized by architectural abnormality, disordered maturation, loss of polarity, and mitoses, that extends into the middle third of the mucosa, and is frequently accompanied by a higher degree of cytologic abnormality. The nuclei are generally more pleomorphic and hyperchromatic than that ascribed to mild dysplasia. Most often when one looks at this form of dysplasia the first thought is "this is dysplastic" and then an secondary algorithmic approach is needed to correctly classify the degree of dysplasia.
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Moderate squamous dysplasia |
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Moderate dysplasia is characterized by basal zone expansion with architectural disorder and nuclear hyperchromatism and pleomorphism extending into the middle third of the mucosa. A middle level mitosis is noted. |
This biopsy shows marked nuclear hyperchromatism with nuclear pleomorphism and marked architectural disorder that reaches the middle portion of the mucosa. |
This hyperplastic mucosal biopsy shows basal zone expansion just reaching the middle third with architectural disorder and nuclear hyperchromatism. |
Moderate squamous dysplasia showing an expanded basal zone to approximately one-half the thickness of the mucosa. Architectural disorder and nuclear hyperchromatism are noted. |
References
Zidar N, Gale N. Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Hypopharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Parapharyngeal Space. Head Neck Pathol. 2022 Mar;16(1):31-39. doi: 10.1007/s12105-021-01405-6. Epub 2022 Mar 21. PMID: 35312977; PMCID: PMC9018940.
Hrelec C. Management of Laryngeal Dysplasia and Early Invasive Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2021 Aug 23;22(10):90. doi: 10.1007/s11864-021-00881-w. PMID: 34424405.